Leadership of Martin Luther

Martin Luther (1483 †1546) was a catholic cleric and a religious philosophy educator in the late fifteenth and mid sixteenth century. He was likewise a focal hero during the renewal development In the 16 century, which fathered what Is presently known as the protestant reorganization. Martin Luther has in this way gotten one of the most perceived and Influential pioneers throughout the entire existence of the Charlatans Church. Authority Defined: The ecclesial setting of Lather's administration Those who attempt to fine initiative will end up off guard because of the impediments of language.To outline this weakness: we comprehend that a â€Å"ball† is a â€Å"spherical object that we play with. † But relying upon the unique situation, a ball can be comprehend the same number of various things. In football, we play with a ball yet it isn't round. The sun be that as it may, is a round ball, yet we can't play with it. We can depict a pleasant time as painting the town , despite the fact that we are not playing with a ball. We can likewise go to a ball, despite the fact that we may not be painting the town. We will once in a while experience issues in understanding the implying that Is being communicated In all these situation.The same can't be said for authority in light of the fact that the word will Invoke various implications for various individuals In various circumstances (Morehouse, 2010). Rephrases Describe the meaning of Leadership in Morehouse and Hickman, perhaps address hireling authority in Hickman as the general â€Å"Nature† of Lather's initiative. Attempt to give models that would bolster worker initiative or whatever administration he communicated. Rephrases Traits and Skills Martin Luther showed a considerable lot of the characteristics of what Morehouse depicts as attribute dervish.The reason of quality initiative Is that sure qualities are seen as more vital than others In request to lead adequately (Morehouse, 2010). Th ese characteristics are commonly blessed inside the pioneer and can't be scholarly. â€Å"Some of these attributes that are fundamental to this Include Intelligence, fearlessness, assurance, uprightness, and friendliness' (Morehouse, 2010, p. 19). When contrasting Martin Luther and these characteristics, it is anything but difficult to perceive how he normally showed huge numbers of them. For instance: outside his conspicuous residency, Martin Luther was an exceptionally canny man.His Ninety-Five Theses questioned a few conventional catholic practices, however they were proposed as an academic contest with a tone of investigation. Likewise, Martin Luther had enormous measures of fearlessness. He tested the most remarkable strict establishment throughout the entire existence of humankind since he was certain to such an extent that only he was right and that they were the ones in blunder. He was in the end banned however he despite everything stayed resolved to represent his feeling about catholic authoritative opinion. Martin Luther was powerful with this strategy for initiative. HISIntelligence requested such a large number of while his traditionally helped him start his own congregation by 1526. HIS assurance to hold scriptural realities as higher then catholic customs incited him to interpret the New Testament in the vernacular of the individuals by permitted individuals to have a similar access to these scriptural facts. Martin Luther additionally showed a considerable lot of the aptitudes that Morehouse partners with fruitful pioneers. Quickly characterize characteristics Rewords Martin Luther attributes and how that added to his adequacy (give models) Rewords Briefly characterize aptitudes Rewords

Business Ethics in Retail Sector

Question: Examine about the Business Ethics in Retail Sector. Answer: Presentation: Likewise with that, the manageability components and commitment of the partners in the division have been illustrated. The investigation additionally holds the depiction of the components that are making the associations in the retail area handle moral issues all the more earnestly. At endures the benefit of dealing with the business morals that the associations have gotten. Different associations in the retail area have neglected to deal with their business regarding maintainability. This disappointment has come about into analysis. With respect to customers, particularly the individuals who face brought down trust in the segment have endured most in view of the analysis. Objective: The reason for the investigation is portraying the business morals in the retail division. The essential focal point of the investigation is on the moral issues in the area. Investigation of the Sector: Moral Issues in the Retail Sector: Green issue: Among the top retailers among the world the issue that was most basic is the ecological issue. The associations which are at the highest point of the retail business, for example, divider bazaar considers as the earth as the essential part inside the program of morals. UK retail industry is confronting a few issues with the green items as the purchasers have questions about the duty of the association toward the earth (Barbosa et al. 2015). In UK just twenty seven percent of purchasers are eager to spend on the green items. Figure 1: Green Processes to be kept up in Retail (Source: Barbosa et al. 2015, pp-367-370) Corporate social obligation: CSR or corporate social duty has become a well known word quickly. It very well may be considered as the extended observation duty. The association among condition and association is comprising of various qualities (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain 2014). CSR is commonly known as the assessment of the qualities. According to the perspective on an association, the obligation of the association toward its purchaser can be considered as the CSR (Capelle-Blancard and Petit 2012). The coordination of financial, social, condition and morals inside strategic policies and techniques are the worries of the CSR. At present in excess of 8,000 associations is utilizing CSR. Figure 2: Jantzi Researchs Weights for Retail Sector (Source: Capelle and Petit 2012, pp-570) Moral sourcing: It can be considered as the most basic moral issue in piece of clothing industry. The attention to the buyer with respect to the supportable sourcing has expanded as of late on account of the developing natural concerns (Perry, Wood and Fernie 2015). Therefore, the shoppers are requesting the materials that are made of natural cotton and can be washed in low temperatures. Considering on the circumstance, at present numerous associations are incorporating moral sourcing as a part of corporate duty plan. Figure 3: Audit Program Finding for Ethical Sourcing (Source: Gonzalez 2016, pp-39) Manageability in Retail: The issues with respect to the maintainability in hold segment are as following. Environmental change: The specialists consider the significant of environmental change more than the purchasers. A limited quantity of the shoppers perceive the hugeness of environmental change in the retail business. As far as the effects of environmental change and its causes, the buyers who indentify the issue of environmental change attempts to remove themselves from environmental change (Howard et al. 2014). It is hard for the shoppers to connect issue of environmental change and retailers alongside their buying designs. For dealing with this issue the estimation of carbon impression in the association are thinking about as an extraordinary wellspring of perceiving the effect of the association on environmental change. The joint effort between the Carbon Trust, retail division and different gatherings can be come about into the advancement of a standard model for estimating the carbon impression (Fernie and Sparks 2014). Figure 4: Climate Change Framework (Source: Fernie and Sparks 2014, pp-217) Squander: It is a critical issue for the retail area. The retailers produce a colossal measure of waste which is making gigantic test to the manageability. Both the purchasers and partners are thinking about the waste decrease truly. As per Brandenburg et al. (2014) the waste is the primary maintainability issue that spooky the retail business. Figure 5: Waste Management in Retail (Source: Papargyropoulou et al. 2014, pp-109) For dealing with the issue the retail business is thinking about the arrangement, three Rs. The three R speaks to diminish, reuse and reuse. Lessen alludes to the way toward giving things to the buyer without abundance bundling. Reuse alludes that one ought to give old product or items to the some association which can utilize it further. Reuse process alludes to give or offer recyclable items to the association which accomplishes crafted by reusing (Brandenburg et al. 2014). Finally the waste which can't be classified into any of the expressed above is arranged. Association of Stakeholder in Ethics: Because of the broadness of preferences that sensibility programs provide for associations, it is consistently difficult to pinpoint a lone explanation a retailer begins a particular undertaking (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). Regardless, obviously associations every now and again found acceptability programs because of at least one significant accomplices' propelling needs. Laborers, contenders, and government are the principle three accomplices driving retailers to invigorate their legitimacy programs. Figure 6: Influence of the Consumers on Sustainability Activities (Source: Carroll and Buchholtz 2014, pp-371) The Factors behind Managing Ethics Successfully: The six factors that constrained the association in the retail part to concentrate on dealing with the business morals are as following. Believability: For making validity is one factor behind focusing on overseeing business morals. The association that takes virtues truly centers around making believability genuinely. It is on the grounds that the association needs every individual in the general public to realize its name even the individual has no data at about the association (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Taken for instance, Infosys drives its business toward social duty activities and great corporate administration. Dynamic: The target of any association is to incorporating the whole choices that it has taken from its foundation (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). That is the reason improved dynamic is an incredible calculate each association the retail business. Meeting fundamental necessity: Being moral is a basic prerequisite for any association in this division. The representatives consistently wish to work in an association that is moral in its procedures (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Same goes for the buyers, they generally need to purchase from the provider which incorporates moral misrepresentations. Individuals and administration: Values that drives an association is the one of the most pivotal factor for any association. These qualities are the explanation for joining the partners and representatives in a typical stage (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). So joining individuals and administration can be considered as a factor. Making sure about society: The retail business thinks about morals as a factor for protecting the general public. Morals has the possibility spare the general public interestingly of moderate open intrigue cases. Long haul increases: According to a study the associations that follow qualities and morals have been increased more bit of leeway over the long haul than the individuals who don't (Khalid, Ramly and Lau 2014). Advantage of Managing Business Ethics: Improved society: Trusts controlled a couple of business sectors to the extent that expenses were settled and little associations smothered out. Worth settling crippled normal business part qualities. Laborers were finished considering personalities. Effect was associated through threatening and incitement. By then society reacted and mentioned that associations put high regard on sensibility and identical rights. Antagonistic to believe laws were sorted out (Ruedy et al. 2013). Government associations were set up. Associations were sifted through. Laws and controls were set up. Keeping up moral course: Consideration with respect to industry morals is fundamental in the midst of internal change times a lot of like those mate now by associations, both for-advantage and not-for-benefit. Over the span of times of progress, there is habitually no obvious great compass to direct pioneers through complex conflicts about what is right or misguided (Zikmund et al. 2013). Advancing sound open picture: Regard for morals is also firm publicizing, truth be told, management morals should not to be finished for the most part for thought processes of exposure. However, to be totally honest, the strategy that an association continually presents view for its morals can depict a firm constructive outcome to the basic populace (Shu et al. 2016). End: From the above examination it tends to be presumed that the emphasis on the business morals can be an extremely vital factor for the associations in the retail division as far as increasing long haul focal points. From the examination on the issues in the business morals it has been perceived that however the associations have done well as far as keeping up business morals, they need to lead extra a few reviews for picking up shoppers full help and trust. The partner investigation on the retail segment has had a justifiable effect of individual partner as far as improving the business morals. The figure six demonstrates that the speculator has the most impact for dealing with the morals in retail industry. The examination was restricted as far as gathering crude information legitimately from the officials rather it shows the information gathered by different creators. References: Barbosa, N.A., Paes, M.C.D., Guimaraes, P.E.

Night Hoops Essay Example for Free

Night Hoops Essay Individual Word Shakers, When I began perusing the book, Night Hoops via Carl Deuker, I was exceptionally exhausted. I had an inclination that I wasn’t identifying with the characters and the plot was moving too gradually. I addressed whether I should begin another book; in any case, I continued on simply like Nick, and I am exceptionally thankful that I stayed with it. In the wake of perusing Night Hoops, I have built up another mentality on how I should seek after my objectives regardless of what obstacles impede my capacity to contact them. Scratch, the hero, consistently longed for winning his spot on his high school’s varsity ball group, however his street to the group was loaded up with family inconveniences; being dominated by his more established sibling, Scott; and spats with Trent, the nearby domineering jerk. In any case, Nick continued on through everything and achieved his objective of making the varsity b-ball group. In the course of recent years, I have been amazingly committed to turning into the best golf player I can be. Anyway as of late, I have lost my excitement for the game. Along these lines, I have an inclination that I can identify with Nick and despite the fact that he is an anecdotal character, use him as motivation to rededicate myself to the sport of golf. Beside my interest with Nick’s constancy and devotion, I was charmed by the kinship that created among Nick and Trent, the nearby harasser. From the start, Trent and Nick didn’t get along. Truth be told, Trent beat Nick up. Be that as it may, as Deuker took us through their relationship we perceived how they before long turned out to be old buddies who were associated through the sport of ball. From this, I understood that a portion of the individuals best fit for you could be directly in front of you, yet they set up an exterior to help their intense person picture so you don’t get an opportunity to become more acquainted with who they genuinely are. Another part of the book that truly caught my consideration was the means by which Nick’s father applied weight on him to prevail in ball. From the outset, this weight extremely hindered Nick’s capacity to play great b-ball. In any case, as he got used to the weight and utilized it as inspiration, Nick turned into the player both he and his father consistently needed him to be. This raises the issue that a great deal of guardians battle with today. Would it be advisable for them to push their children to succeed or would it be advisable for them to let their children prevail all alone? There is no correct response to this inquiry, yet I think it is intriguing that Deuker offers this conversation starter in a book composed for adolescents. Something other than my involvement in the various characters, I cherished Deuker’s truly substantial portrayal of the b-ball games: â€Å"He got it in stride, took off upward in a similar smooth movement, and tenderly laid the ball against the backboard. It dropped through the net similarly as the horn sounded. A tenth of a second later we were dominating him† (167). I had a feeling that I was at the game, sitting as eager and anxious as ever imploring that the ball falls through the net, and bouncing into the air shouting in bliss when it does. In spite of the fact that I cherished his beautiful portrayals of the b-ball games, I felt like time and again he utilized extremely essential, straightforward language. Each book is imperfect, yet on the off chance that you are into b-ball, similar to an anecdote about steadiness, or need to be taken through an incredible companionship then this book is certainly for you. I trust that you appreciate this book as much as I did. Yours Truly,

The Targeting strategy :: Business and Management Studies

The Targeting procedure Information procedure paper The business that I will look at is a run of the mill business to purchaser type managing music related item deals and appropriation straightforwardly to clients (direct sell). All music is an online business website that gives an enormous stock of melodic types. It has an easy to use web crawler to investigate the colossal music database of the site. It gives progressed looking through strategies that help the client to investigate the database as indicated by state of mind, classification, melody and collection title. All music gives besides to the client an additional help that can give him/her the chance to turn into an enrolled individual from the site (free) so as to increase explicit data concerning: extraordinary costs, offers, music data as indicated by his/her inclinations, propelled search, extended craftsman data (credits, tunes), article includes just as the capacity to listen sound examples (30 second length) before buying the record. In addition it utilizes a 5 star collection rating framework with 5 being the best evaluating so as to help the client about the particular discharge. Target Group The Targeting procedure that All music uses depends on advertise division so as to gather and control current and planned purchasers into gatherings (sections) that have normal needs and will react likewise to a promoting activity. Our objective gathering involved on:  · Age Principally guys and females matured 18-30 years  · Lifestyle Clients that like to buy melodic items, for example, cd collections, shirts, music embellishments just as melodic shows. * Location Living in Western Europe and America and can have the option to perform credit card exchanges. The principle reason that All music center more around those zones is expected to the reality that the particular clients (from measurable data): 1) Perform on-line exchanges by means of charge card on a day by day basis(have appropriate information on the web innovation) 2) Affluent objective gatherings that are reasonable to pay for music downloads and compact disc buys charged by record names by means of the web. Information component The information that ought to be kept up in the particular promoting database ought to be: * Customer ID  · Customer name * Country * Customer sexual orientation * Customer age * Occupation * Customer conjugal status * Customer address * Customer telephone(or PDA) * Customer email * Customer search history * Financial data  · Preferred type  · Prospect client Source(where will All music get the information sources?) All music should utilize data concerning the information sources both outside and inward. Analyzing the outer information all music will get the information components with the utilization of a consolidated methodology of arranged and reaction information so as to distinguish the wellspring of data. To be progressively explicit through arranged information All music will gather from

Ford Strategic Management free essay sample

School OF TECHNOLOGY LONDON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORD MOTORS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Lecturer: Dr. John W Lang SUBMITTED BY ALWYN VARGHESE STUDENT. ID:- 095945-87 UWL ID:- 29002367 UNIVERSITY OF WALES LAMPETER Table of Contents 1. Official Summary. 3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. 1 Reasons behind the acquisitions of Jaguar and land wanderer by Ford 4 3. 2 Reasons behind the offer of Ford puma and land wanderer gathering and UK .. 3. 3 Current methodologies of Ford engines 7 3. 4 Ford engines conventional techniques 9 3. 5 Analysis utilizing five powers 11 4 Market investigation of Ford engines. 13 5. Suggestion. 16 6. Supplement . 16 7. References .. 22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ford engines, one of the most driving vehicle businesses on the planet. Missions and objectives of the organization caused them to exceed expectations into the car area. Procedures and choices made by portage engines acquired them front of the many driving car produces. Yet, the ongoing monetary emergency that hit made and furthermore because of the some bogus examination made portage engines numerous issues. The report manages the key purposes for the obtaining of JLR engines and furthermore manages the explanation behind the offer of JLR to Tata engines. We will compose a custom article test on Passage Strategic Management or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The current systems of the passage engines made them to recoup from the lose that happened in the ongoing decades which is likewise being talked about here. Presentation Ford engine organization is a worldwide auto thought process industry pioneer situated in Dearborn Michagan. They delivers and circulates autos across six mainlands with 1,98,000 representatives and around 90 plants overall . Passage offers money related types of assistance through Ford engine credit organization. Passage was begun their activities in 1903. They essentially engaged with the creation and the circulation of car vehicles. The organization was established by Henry portage in 1903. It is one of the world’s generally beneficial and the biggest organizations on the planet, it is positioned as the fourth biggest automaker being controlled and overseen by a family over 100 years . The organization created their initial scarcely any models in Detroit ,Michigan. The organization began creation with the model of An of every 1903. Model T was one of the celebrated model in the early long stretches of organization history, it causes the organization to support their activities. (Passage motors,2009) Ford is perhaps the biggest automaker in the Europe. The organization finished their activities with a net benefit of $2. 7 billion of every 2009. The organization had a ton of parent organizations like Lincoln, Volvo, and Aston martin. Passage sold their UK auxiliaries Jaguar and Land wanderer to TATA engines of India in walk 2008. The organization announced its biggest yearly misfortune in 2006 of $ 12. billion, it evaluated that organization would not come to benefit until 2009 yet they finished their tasks in 2009 with a decent net benefit. (See reference section income and gainfulness examination of Ford engines) Ford has been at the focal point of huge numbers of the acquisitions and divestiture exercises in the course of recent years, this wa s the purpose behind the advancement of Premier auto thought process gathering. The ongoing monetary decrease saw passage break up their head car bunch prompting the offer of panther and land wanderer, Aston martin and now Geely bunch situated in china marked an agreement with Ford to gain their Volvo vehicle business. On 28th walk 2010, Geely marked a 1. 8 billion arrangement with Ford to get their Volvo vehicle tasks. The Volvo brand has been a piece of portage for a long time and they have had certain arrangements and strategies for building up their vehicles. This report intends to center the accompanying vital inquiries . There are sure purposes behind the organization to sell their parent organizations. (edi. essentials . com) (See Appendix 5 available to be purchased History) 1) What are the vital explanations for the procurement of puma and land meanderer by Ford? 2) What are the purposes for the offer of Ford JLR gathering to Tata and UK plant conclusion? ) What are the techniques does Ford follow now? Fundamental BODY 3. 1 REASONS BEHIND THE ACQUISTION OF JAGUAR AND LAND ROVER BY FORD Acquisition history:- Jaguar is a British extravagance vehicle maker ,head quarter in Coventry England . panther was established by sir William Lyons in 1922,made engine cycle side vehicles before they enter in to the traveler vehicles . organization changed their name to puma after second world war . The Ford engines made proposals to US and UK Jaguar investors in 1989 to purchase their offers . Panther turned into a piece of the portage engines new chief auto thought process bunch in 1999. Portage bought land meanderer in 2000, it has been firmly connected with panther. Portage sells extravagant variants of panther in Britain that bear the Daimler name . Portage paid 3. 3 billion for the Marques, when they purchased Jaguar for 1. 6 billion of every 1989, and 1. 7 billion for Land meanderer in 2000. Puma utilizes about 20000employees in UK. Passage bought choice of Jaguar got substantial protests from industry eyewitnesses . Puma never loses it’s as one of the most esteemed flawlessly planned vehicles. The achievement equation of Ford with panther was to keep the picture of the brand and hold the exemplary plan of the puma. Passage made a group called change group and selected a portion of its officials into the board individuals from panther. The organization set three principle targets dependent on three basic issues. 1) Constant improvement of item quality 2) Increased assembling proficiency 3) Existing new model projects. Panther vehicles are top notch vehicles that are more mainstream than extravagance vehicle purchasers . Puma history from 2002 to 2004 says that it made a decent deal. it takes panther from two model lines and 45000 vehicles to 200000 units of yearly creation . Puma plantas are not Fords plants, however with the help of passage panther has changed their assembling activities . (automobile industry. com,2000) Ford bought Land Rover from BMW in 2000 for 1. 85 billion . Land Rover was predominantly situated in Solihull and it has a spectacular worldwide brand with awesome legacy . Land meanderer utilizes 9500 and produces Land wanderer, Discovery, Range meanderer and free land rough terrain vehicles . at the point when portage assumes control over Land meanderer in 2000 the plant recorded the creation of 166000vehicles in the earlier year . independant business. com) Ford purchases Land wanderer as a result of the accompanying explanation 1) The Land meanderer brand known all through the world . it is splendidly fit into the Fords developing group of brands. 2) The procurement causes the organization to help their luxurary vehicle portions. 3) It encourages the organization to accomplish its business target effectively, when land meanderer and extend wanderer went under their head auto gathering. Portage has not been solid in the European rough terrain and extravagance utility vehicles in view of that they bought Land wanderer in 2000. Portage paid a major add up to BMW to purchase the land meanderer from them. Land wanderer has a solid brand name their items have a particular look. Passage made its very own group individuals ,it incorporates a portion of the individuals from puma to dissect the Land wanderer activities and help with change in future. Passage utilized Jaguar format ashore wanderer to catch the European market. (free business. com) Ford blended tasks with Jaguar and Land meanderer is beneficial, land wanderer sold 2,26,395 SUV ‘s worldwide in 2007. (See reference section 1 for External variables influencing Ford) 3. Purposes for THE SALE OF FORD JLR GROUP AND THE UK PLANT CLOSURE The ascent of deals in 1998 dazzle the administration of portage engines organization later on achievement of Jaguar and the entire chief auto mobiles gathering. Since 2004 puma deals brought down to 22%. Different studies established that the brand had a terrible notoriety with respect to their quality issues dull an d out dated plans absence of a suv and it is too costly . Puma was one of the most unfortunate performing some portion of the Ford, they flopped in their endeavors to widen their panther deals . Portage engines sold their Jaguar and land wanderer to India’s Tata engines constrained for 2. billion out of 2008. It was not as much as what passage paid to obtain these brands. Portage early strides to improve the offer of puma demonstrated positive outcomes yet the organization contributed undisclosed adds up to expand the proficiency at the UK production lines . in 2002 Paris Auto show scheele one of the spokes man of portage advised to the columnists that panther would post a 500 million misfortune. The organization declared in 2004 that it was eliminating positions and diminishing the panther work power . In December 2005 portage unveiled that it paid 2. 1 billion to panther to support their rearrangement. (Bloomberg. om) Jaguar overall deals were 60,485 out of 2007 contrasted and a pinnacle of 130,334 of every 2002. In 2007 the Ford engines reported their arrangement to deal their Volvo, panther and Land meanderer marks in Europe since they need to focus more on their North American plant tasks. By selling their various brands portage finished their multi year exertion to augment their deals of extravagance vehicles by getting European organizations . Among their European extravagance brands Volvo and Land wanderer were productive brands however Jaguar has unknown misfortunes. koeing,B. ,Lippert,J. ,2007. ) (See Appendix 2 for Strategic Rationale and Implication of Ford UK Plant Closure) 3. 3 CURENT STRATEGIES OF FORD MOTORS FORD VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS Michael doorman built up the worth chain approach in 1980s in his book upper hand . all associations exercises, for example, exercises incorporate buying exercises fabricating the items conveyance and promoting of the organization items and administrations . The vale chain outline work is a force full system atic apparatus for the key arranging of an association . To direct the worth chain all the exercises of the association is part into essential and bolster exercises . Essential exercises incorporate

Poems

Poems I have a way of always picking really time-consuming HASS classes. This semester, with two of them, Roman History (21H.302) and Reading/Writing Poetry (21W.756), Im almost as stressed out about my HASS classes as lab and 8.06. I really love both these classes though. Im this walking encyclopedic source of knowledge about the trials of Ancient Rome covered in yesterdays assigned reading, and Im feeling more well-read every day with these contemporary (-ish) poets that Ive never heard of before. Take today, say, I got up at 5:30am to start studying for my 8.06 midterm tomorrow, but, writing a response to Robert Creeleys A Wicker Basket just seemed way more attractive, so I did that instead. The poetry class I take is small (4 students, one prof, total), together we make a writing major, a physics major (thats me), a mechanical engineer, a premed (I think), and a poet. Bill, thats who teaches the course, taught a class 2 semesters ago that I took called Writing and Experience (21W.731), that turned out to be my favorite class that term (the others were 8.04 8.044 18.703 and 7.013, which, actually, all were pretty good that was a good semester for me). Anyways, thats why Im back. Also, I really like poems. Every class day (which is Mondays and Wednesdays- thats today), we read a new poem and write a short essay response, which we read aloud in a class discussion. It usually takes me about 20 minutes to digest the poem, and between 45 min and an hour to write the response, usually, in writing out my thoughts on the poem, Im able to make connections that I couldnt make just in my head, and I find the poem unusually compelling. Well, I just read and responded to my favorite poem this semester so far. Just about 20 minutes ago, so I thought Id share it. Its by Robert Creeley. I keep calling him John Creeley because of I Know a Man. A Wicker Basket Comes the time when its later and onto your table the headwaiter puts the bill, and very soon after rings out the sound of lively laughter Picking up change, hands like a walrus, and a face like a barndoors, and a head without any apparent size, nothing but two eyes So thats you, man, or me. I make it as I can, I pick up, I go faster than they know Out the door, the street like a night, any night, and no one in sight, but then, well, there she is, old friend Liz And she opens the door of her cadillac, I step in back, and were gone. She turns me on There are very huge stars, man, in the sky, and from somewhere very far off someone hands me a slice of apple pie, with a gob of white, white ice cream on top of it, and I eat it Slowly. And while certainly they are laughing at me, and all around me is racket of these cats not making it, I make it in my wicker basket. Robert Creeley Weve also read, so far, Alan Ginsberg, and James Schuyler. Heres my response: I love the tone of this poem. Its intimate, and soft-spoken, yet behind his words clearly lies a forceful personality. “I Know a Man” had a very different feel. So different, in fact, that I have trouble tuning into the pace of one while the other is in my head. Where “I Know a Man” is assertive and rambling, “A Wicker Basket” is quietly observing. The poem wanders as he does through the deserted streets at night is spacious, like the sky with its huge stars, like “no one in sight”. Yet, has no pretense, talks to the reader like a friend, confides rather than preaches; consoles, almost, un-self-conscious, un-embarrassed. This poem is very comforting to me. This is really more my style. I love this. I find myself wondering what it is about a poem, really, that reaches the reader. About this one in particular. Perhaps it is the sense of meandering loneliness that really speaks to me, or the refuge of an old friend, even for one night, this “Liz”, who opens the door of her cadillac to him, who, “turns [him] on”. This casual sexual admission that speaks to me intimacy more than lust, or a lust built upon intimacy a sense of security embodied in the wicker basket, like a babys cradle, with its soft, woven walls and the shape like a womb, that he lives in. That he gives as the title to his poem. Perhaps it is the message of the poem. That, there will come a time, yes, when its later, and when the game is up, and all your distractions, perhaps your youth, is gone; when the streets outside are dark like night yet you must walk them. But even as you do, while the world is mocking you for your clumsiness, you will retain your dignity, as he does, and you will be safe, as he is. Anyways, I like poems. Im going on vacation. I promise pictures of the telescope. Later.

Doing It All Med School, Travel, Work, and Fun

Learn how real students navigate their way through the medical school admissions process and med school itself with our What is Medical School Really Like? series. Meet Adam Goodcoff, an MS3, travel-buff, and vlogger. Adam, thank you for sharing your story with us! Was there a particular person or event that inspired you to pursue a career in medicine? Adam: My experiences in EMS are really what drove me to pursue medicine. Its very rewarding to be there for someone on their lowest day at their worst time and be able to help out. Looking back on your time in EMS, was there a call that was particularly memorable for you? Adam: I think there are about a hundred memorable calls! Unfortunately I cannot talk about the details of patients, but in general terms, one trauma stands out. I had a man who cut his arm on a saw. There was very heavy arterial bleeding and I will never forget the look on his face. He was terrified that he would lose his arm. Looking back and knowing what I know now, this was unlikely to be an issue, and it was an easy vascular repair. Still, as the junior EMT, I had the job of holding pressure for the 35-minute ride to the trauma center. I did my best to calm him down and talk him through everything, but I remember wanting to know more about how to help him and what would be next. What sparked your interest in emergency medicine? Adam: I have always loved the fast pace, high acuity, and diversity that you see in EM. There are tons of procedures which I love but you also get to tap into the medical knowledge and make some diagnoses and rule out the bad stuff! Did you experience any bumps along the road to medical school admission? How did you identify and deal with the issues? Adam: Absolutely, the MCAT was a real struggle for me like it is for many students. I studied as best as I could, and on test day, it wasnt even the science issues that gave me trouble; it ended up being verbal (I took the old test). Luckily, my GPA was very high and I had strong research and extracurriculars so I was still able to secure a lot of interview offers. How did you prepare for the MCAT? Was there a particular course, book, or website that you found especially helpful? Any tips for those currently preparing for the test? Adam: For the MCAT I used a Kaplan online course with live instructors. I thought that was really helpful to keep me on a specific schedule. I also used the Examkrackers books and BRS (Berkeley Review Series), if I remember correctly, but we’re going way back there! Once medical school began, what surprised you most about the experience? Adam: I think the most surprising thing was how much fun it can be. Sure, you are working a ton and the material is challenging, but you are doing this all with friends who are going through the same thing. Some of the best times I have had with some of my best friends have been in the last four years. What does a typical day look like for you? Adam: Now Im studying for Step 2 so I get up at 4:55am and head to the gym. When I get home, I start my questions and then review them the rest of the morning. The afternoon is saved for content review. The evening is review of all that I have done that day and any other topics I need to touch up on. Sounds intense! What keeps you motivated? Adam: Honestly, it can be exhausting. I think by this point, knowing what specialty I want and having a clear goal is helping to keep things in perspective. How have you found time to travel as a med student? Adam: You must have seen my Instagram! I have done a ton of travel. I spend my study breaks planning where I want to go next. Most of my trips have occurred during med school breaks such as spring or winter break. I also took one of my bigger trips during the summer between my first and second year. The other big ski trip I took was during my two-week vacation in third-year. Whats your favorite travel destination? Adam: So far, probably skiing in the French Alps at Les Arcs! St. Maarten is a close second. Lets talk photography! How did you become interested in this hobby, and how have you made time for it as a student? Adam: Im so glad you asked! I started shooting the summer of my first year of med school. I actually got a cheap Nikon to start making YouTube videos for my old channel and decided to bring the camera with me to Europe. I shot every day for 28 days straight and when I came back, not only was I technically good, but I had made some really great images and enjoyed doing so. I think the nice thing about shooting pictures is that you can edit them at your leisure so it fits into the crazy schedule of medical school well. Also, as people started to see my work, I realized I could probably charge people to do what I enjoyed doing already. That was the beginning and I grew a pretty successful small photography business that helped fund more photo gear and travel through medical school! How do you recommend students study smart in order to have more free time to pursue outside interests? Adam: I think now more than ever it’s important to disconnect from your phone and social media when you want to study. I think small focused efforts are much more effective than trying to compete in your brain with Instagram and Snapchat for that processing power. In short, limit your distraction and have a clear goal in mind for each study session. Can you share a bit about your YouTube channel and the interviews viewers can find there? When and why did you start this channel? Any plans for future interviews? Adam: Absolutely! I think it’s really hard to lump my YouTube into one type. I will occasionally post vlog style content, travel videos and tips to get people traveling for less, but then I also have videos on study tips, Step 1, question review, etc. With my teaching experience, I feel like I have picked up a lot of great pearls that I try to share on YouTube. The interviews are a fun way for me to bring new guests to my audience to answer their questions rather than me talking at them all the time. So I think it’s a medical school schmorgesborg, which is why I went with the name seethemedlife for my social media handles. I really want to give folks a look inside the life of medical school and show that there is so much more than studying all day! Also, since you brought up YouTube, I have been starting out on Instagram recently and I am blown away by the support over there. I would say people are generally more engaged on Instagram and I have done some really cool Insta-Live session lately! Definitely stop by and follow me on IG too @seethemedlife! If you had a 25th hour in your day, how would you spend it? Adam: I love this question. I think it’s great because one hour isnt enough to travel the world or invent the cure to cancer, its just that little extra something. Personally, I would spend that time with my family and friends. I think a strong support system is key to anyone’s success and I would love extra time in the day to express that appreciation for their support! Do you have questions for Adam? Questions for us? Do you want to be featured in our next What is Medical School Really Like? post? Know someone else who you’d love to see featured? Are there questions you’d like us to ask our students in this series? LET US KNOW! You can learn more about Adam by checking out his youtube channel, website, or by following him on Instagram or Twitter.,   Looking forward to your own med school journey? We can help you reach the finish line! Check out our Medical School Admissions Consulting Services to team up with an admissions expert who will help you join the ranks of thousands of Accepted clients who get accepted to their dream schools. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Med School Admissions: What You Need to Know to Get Accepted, a free guide †¢ How Important is Volunteering for Medical School Admissions? †¢ Applying to Medical School: Selecting Extracurricular Activities

Environmental Problems in El Salvador - 1804 Words

With a total land mass of just 8,124 square miles, El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America. Like many of its’ neighboring countries, it possesses very few natural resources. Since the nation’s economy is based predominantly on agriculture, it’s no surprise that its’ citizens often experience â€Å"resource roller coasters†. In addition, its’ long history of inappropriate land tenure and ownership practices date all the way back to colonialism. Even more strikingly, â€Å"sixty percent of El Salvador’s population is expected to live in the capital by 2010.† As a result, El Salvador has to deal with continuing environmental problems. The fact that the nation lies along the Pacific Ring of fire doesn’t help either, which subjects†¦show more content†¦Despite receiving six feet of rainfall each year, most of the nation’s water is highly contaminated. In fact, thousands are killed each ye ar due to water contamination, many of whom are children. At the same time, most of the citizens of the nation cannot afford bottled water. After the twelve year civil war destroyed much of the country’s infrastructure, poor areas became even poorer. Homes and water sources had been destroyed by militia during the war. After returning home, some citizens chose to hand dig wells in order to obtain drinking water. However, many others went to their nearest stream, river or pond to collect water. These unsafe and contaminated water sources caused many people to become ill with intestinal diseases. According to Ricardo Navarro, El Salvador’s government has failed to protect its’ most precious resource: â€Å"Farmers have cut down forests that used to store rain water. Ranchers have allowed their livestock to pollute rivers. Communities have put latrines too close to shallow wells.† Others, such as Marisol Prima Ponza, who runs a government dispensary that tracks the health of 375 children in several communities, believe that things are improving. There have been fewer cases of diarrhea, she says. For example, from January to August of this year I have only recorded 17 cases. Ponza also added that these improvements are due to several projects thatShow MoreRelatedGeography : El Salvador s Geography1330 Words   |  6 PagesGeography: El Salvador s geography is very diverse, most of the land is plains and flat land but it is bordered by a chain of mountains. El Salvador is known as the Land of Volcanoes, it has frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. It is the only country in Central America that does not have a coastline on the Caribbean Sea, (National Geographic). There are about 20 active volcanoes surrounding El Salvador, it is located on The Ring of Fire. There are two mountain ranges that circle around El SalvadorRead MoreEl Salvador s Economic Freedom3038 Words   |  13 PagesEl Salvador, located in Central America between Honduras and Guatemala, gained its independence from Spain in 1821, but El Salvador has recently suffered a devastating amount of loss due to a 12-year long civil war. The civil war finally ended in 1992, but the effects of the civil war can still be felt today. El Salvador is one of the poorest developing nations in the world. According to the 2014 Index of Economic Freedom, El Salvador ranks 59th out of 186 countries based on 10 freedoms. WhenRead MoreThe Civil War On El Salvador1766 Words   |  8 PagesEl Salvador now known as the Republic of El Salvador is a small and densely populated country located in Pacific Coast of Central America. The major issue in was the coffee which was a very profitable business in El Salvador providing 95% of the country’s income. Sadly a very small percentage of population was making use out of it (around 2%).This led to the conflict between the classes. Social American Centralist party led the poor people against the government regarding this injustice. The civilRead MoreHow Nutrition Impacts Child Development Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesmicrosystem level. Nutrition directly deals with the child. Good nutrition has an impact on a child’s development. Inquiry Providing programs and information about nutrition will teach parents how important nutrition is for a child. One of the problems with keeping good nutrition is that agriculture is decreasing. Urbanization is rising, creating less land space, threatening water resources and causing concern for food safety. The study came up with two nutrition-sensitive programs to show theRead MoreAn Analysis of Reeboks CSR Activities1469 Words   |  6 Pagesinternal human rights problems with one of the most comprehensive CSR platforms in the industry, yet in many locations in Reeboks supply chain there are still much needed improvements. Another major factor included in the CSR movement has been an increased awareness of how industrial activities and energy use can have implications for the ecosystem. Furthermore since the human population is expanding exponentially and demanding more and more resource consumption, environmental crises will undoubtedlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation2015 Words   |  9 Pagesenvironment and is bad for not only Southeast Asia, but for El Salvador as well. In El Salvador, they rely on trees to help the grow crops, coffee, that is their biggest money grabber. The trees provide shade for growing shade coffee and they help prevent many other things as well. They help prevent erosion of the ground, flooding of that area, and environmental changes to help protect coffee production. This has been affecting El Salvador in that they are losing money with the clearing of trees.Read MoreCanadian Mining Companies Are Responsible For Numerous Environmental And Social Injustices1068 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies are making a large impact around the globe (Canadian Mining Journal, 2014). However, these impacts are not necessarily positive. Canadian mining corporations have failed to implement CSR policies and are therefore responsible for numerous environmental and social injustices in Latin America. Canadian Mining Presence in Latin America Latin America’s vast resources have attracted foreign interests for centuries. From European colonialists during the age of imperialism to the multinational companiesRead MoreModern Theory : Modern Attachment Theory Essay2241 Words   |  9 Pagesdue to her physically abusive and alcoholic husband. According to Cozolino (2014b) intrauterine stress causes the newborn to have problems with emotional dysregulation, anxiety, depression and attachment difficulties, which is the case for Maya. It can be speculated that her mother might have also been depressed after giving birth to her daughter due to the environmental stresses she was experiencing (e.g., domestic violence, poverty, lack of proper housing etc.), which might have caused her motherRead MoreNatural Disasters And Uncontrolled Water Distribution1936 Words   |  8 PagesWater. It makes up 75% of our Earth, and is the determining factor of our lives. Without it, we would be lost. Recently, our world has faced droughts, natural disasters and uncontrolled water distribution. With these major changes come major problems. Government control and water shortages are just a few of the major issues that come with these droughts. That is why we must make water rights as equal as human rights. If water was taken as seriously as human rights are than we would avoid some otherRead MoreAdvantages Disadvantages of International Trade869 Words   |  4 Pageshas benefits, it also presents a problem. Such trade can cause countries to be prosperous for a short time, but leads to economic exploitation, loss of cultural identity, and even physical harm. Support of Non-Democratic Systems Great hardship can be caused when people make poor decisions about land use or surplus production for export and do not take the general population’s welfare into consideration. For example: Landowners in Nicaragua and El Salvador want farmers to grow coffee beans

How Can Mental Images, Concepts and Schemas Improve Memory...

The brain is constantly recalling and forming new memories and the part of the brain that deals with memories is the hippocampus, which is located near the centre of the brain. Three different types of memory are used to store different types of information. Semantic is factual knowledge such as remembering capital cities. Episodic is personal past experiences, what a person had for breakfast for example and procedural memory is how to do something such as drive a car. Organising thinking using various methods can improve memory recall. This essay will consider three methods: mental images, concepts and schemas using a range of research studies including the work of Raugh and Atkinson (1975), Bousfield (1953) and Bransford and Johnson†¦show more content†¦The images will better remembered if they are vibrant, the thinker could link all the images to the various rooms by adding a story, which follows a logical sequence throughout the rooms. Secondly, organising thoughts into categories, events and groups can improve the ability to recall information and describe what something is. This is known as concept formation. An example of a concept is the word animal, which can be split into sub-concepts such as birds and mammals. It is obvious that it is a bird because it has key features such as wings, feathers and a beak. Breaking thoughts down into categories has been proven to improve and increase memory recall. Bousfield (1953 cited in Spoors et al, 2011) gave a list of 60 words to participants and asked if they could try and remember them, the words could be split in to four categories. He found that if a participant could remember one word from the category they would remember several more that were in that category. Mandlers experiment (1976 cited in Spoors et al, 2011) proved that by just putting words in to categories improved memory. One group of participants was asked to learn and sort 100 cards with words on into categories and another group just sort into categories. The group who were asked just to sort, remembered as many words as the group who were asked to learn and sort. Finally the third method of organising and filing knowledge isShow MoreRelatedHow Can the Use of Mental Images, Concepts and Schemas to Organise Our Thinking Help Us to Improve Our Memory?1740 Words   |  7 PagesHow can the use of mental images, concepts and schemas to organise thinking help us to improve our memory? Cognitive psychology is primarily concerned with the study of subjective internal mental states. However, the subjective nature of cognitive activities such as thinking, memory, learning, perception, and language make it difficult to directly and empirically test these mental processes. Cognitive psychology therefore relies on a fundamental assumption of reductionism, where the dynamic andRead MoreY183 Tma011122 Words   |  5 Pagesin which we can organise our thinking. These can be helpful when we are trying to improve our memory or when trying to recall things from the past. The three ways I am about to explain are all similar in the way we organise our thinking, and can be a powerful aid to our memory. Each point is backed up with evidence to support this. One of the ways we organise our thinking is by using mental images. By forming a mental image, we are thinking about something by constructing a mental picture ofRead MoreY183 Tma011258 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: TMA01 Task 1 How can the way in which we organise our thinking by using mental images, concepts and schemas help us improve our memory? Part A Sketch out a plan for an essay to answer the above question. Introduction: - what is the task? - how do I plan to address it? - split into 3 areas - definition of each - evidence of each Mental images: - definition - what they can be used for – examples Read MoreCognitive psychology  . Essay5542 Words   |  23 PagesCognitive psychology  is the study of  mental processes. The  American Psychological Association  defines cognitive psychology as The study of higher mental processes such as  attention, language use,  memory,  perception, problem solving, and  thinking.[1]  Much of the work derived from cognitive psychology has been integrated into various other modern disciplines of psychological study including  social psychology,  personality psychology,  abnormal psychology,  developmental psychology, and  educational psychologyRead MoreThe Critique of Piagets Theories Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesthinking changes with age. Piaget argued that cognitive development is based on the development of schemas. This refers to a psychological structure representing all of a person’s knowledge of actions or objects. To perform a new skill which the person has no schema, they have to work from previous skills that they have. This is called assimilation, where they have pulled previous schemas together then adapted and changed them to fit their task through accommodation. Piaget theorisedRead MoreBody and Mind Connection: How All Aspects of Health Affect Learning807 Words   |  3 Pageshaving an active cardiovascular and muscular routine. Maintaining a higher level of cardiovascular health helps improve the body and mind and has positive effects on maladies such as anxiety and depression (Kita, 2014). This effect is compounded when seen in active adults. Adults that participate in cardiovascular fitness activities prevent neural atrophy and facilitate better memory and retention (Kita, 2014). A person in good physical shape will be healthier, not only in a physical aspect, butRead MoreExpain How Theorists of Development and Frameworks to Support Development Influence Current Practice2001 Words   |  9 PagesPiaget investigated how children think. According to Piaget, children’s thought processes change as they mature physically and interact with the world around them. Piaget believed children develop schema, or mental models, to repr esent the world. As children learn, they expand and modify their schema through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is the broadening of an existing schema to include new information. Accommodation is the modification of a schema as new informationRead MoreEssay about Personality Theories Matrix2867 Words   |  12 Pages All memories are kept here. All of the power for the operation of the other two systems and is in close touch with the bodily processes from which it derives its energy. It represents the inner world of subjective experience and has no knowledge of objective reality. Operates on the unconscious level of the human mind. Avoiding pain and obtaining pleasure, the Id has its command two processes the reflex action and the primary process. Attempts to discharge tension by forming a memory mage ofRead MoreCase Study of Gestalt Play Therapy Essay3194 Words   |  13 PagesGestalt therapy is a type of therapy used to deepen our awareness of ourselves. According to O’Connor and Braverman, (2009) â€Å"Gestalt implies wholeness. Gestalt can also be considered as the essence, or shape of a complete form. A theoretical opposite of structuralism, the entity constitutes more than the sum of its parts. Gestalt therapy is comprised of a complex psychological system that stresses the development of client self-awareness and personal responsibility through a process-orientedRead MorePhilosophical Assumptions and Key Concepts2432 Words   |  10 PagesPhilosophical assumptions and key concepts I will base my Christian counseling theory on hermeneutical phenomenology. My key assumption will be that appearances are less clear than they seem, and that, in order to think can act in a healthy manner, people are advised to reduce appearances to facts and to base their response on these facts. As far as I know, although some counseling approach, such s RET, peripherally touch on phenomenology with one of Ellis structures having client examine whether

History and Geography of Germany

Germany is a country located in Western and Central Europe. Its capital and largest city is Berlin, but other large cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, and Frankfurt. Germany is one of the most populous countries of the European Union and has one of the largest economies in Europe. It is known for its history, high standard of living, and cultural heritage. Fast Facts: Germany Official Name: Federal Republic of GermanyCapital: BerlinPopulation: 80,457,737Â  (2018)Official Language: GermanCurrency: Euro (EUR)Form of Government: Federal parliamentary republicClimate: Temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain windTotal Area: 137,846 square miles (357,022 square kilometers)Highest Point: Zugspitze at 9,722 feet (2,963 meters)Lowest Point: Neuendorf bei Wilster at –11.5 feet (–3.5 meters) History of Germany: Weimar Republic to Today According to the U.S. Department of State, in 1919 the Weimar Republic was formed as a democratic state but Germany gradually began to experience economic and social problems. By 1929, the government had lost much of its stability as the world entered a depression and the presence of dozens of political parties in Germanys government hampered its ability to create a unified system. By 1932, the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) led by Adolf Hitler was growing in power and in 1933 the Weimar Republic was mostly gone. In 1934 President Paul von Hindenburg died and Hitler, who had been named Reich Chancellor in 1933, became Germanys leader. Once the Nazi Party took power in Germany, nearly all democratic institutions in the country were abolished. In addition, Germanys Jewish people were jailed, as were any members of opposing parties. Shortly thereafter, the Nazis began a policy of genocide against the countrys Jewish population. This later became known as the Holocaust and around six million Jewish people in both Germany and other Nazi-occupied areas were killed. In addition to the Holocaust, Nazi governmental policies and expansionist practices eventually led to World War II. This later destroyed Germanys political structure, economy, and many of its cities. On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered and the United States, United Kingdom, USSR, and France took control under what was called Four Power Control. Initially, Germany was to be controlled as a single unit, but eastern Germany soon became dominated by Soviet policies. In 1948, the USSR blockaded Berlin and by 1949 East and West Germany were created. West Germany, or the Federal Republic of Germany, followed principles set forth by the U.S. and U.K., while East Germany was controlled by the Soviet Union and its communist policies. As a result, there was severe political and social unrest in Germany throughout most of the mid-1900s and in the 1950s millions of East Germans fled to the west. In 1961, the Berlin Wall was constructed, officially dividing the two. By the 1980s, pressure for political reform and German unification was growing and in 1989 the Berlin Wall fell and in 1990 the Four Power Control ended. As a result, Germany began to unify itself and on December 2, 1990, it held the first all-German elections since 1933. Since the 1990s, Germany has continued to regain its political, economic, and social stability and today it is known for having a high standard of living and a strong economy. Government of Germany Today, Germanys government is considered a federal republic. It has an executive branch of government with a chief of state who is the countrys president and a head of government who is known as the chancellor. Germany also has a bicameral legislature made up of the Federal Council and the Federal Diet. Germanys judicial branch consists of the Federal Constitutional Court, the Federal Court of Justice, and the Federal Administrative Court. The country is divided into 16 states for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Germany Germany has a very strong, modern economy that is considered the fifth largest in the world. In addition, according to the CIA World Factbook, it is one of the worlds most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, and chemicals. Other industries in Germany include machinery production, motor vehicle manufacture, electronics, shipbuilding, and textiles. Agriculture also plays a role in Germanys economy and the main products are potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, cabbage, fruit, cattle, pigs, and dairy products. Geography and Climate of Germany Germany is located in Central Europe along the Baltic and North Seas. It also shares borders with nine different countries—some of which include France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium. Germany has a varied topography with lowlands in the north, the Bavarian Alps in the south, and uplands in the central part of the country. The highest point in Germany is Zugspitze at 9,721 feet (2,963 m), while the lowest is Neuendorf bei Wilster at -11 feet (-3.5 m). The climate of Germany is considered temperate and marine. It has cool, wet winters and mild summers. The average January low temperature for Berlin, the capital of Germany, is 28.6 degrees (-1.9ËšC) and the average July high temperature the city is 74.7 degrees (23.7ËšC). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Germany.ï » ¿Infoplease.com. Germany: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Germany.

Pyramids Essay - 1331 Words

Pyramids nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The pyramids of Egypt are the last remaining Wonder of the World. Even in the days of Ancient Egypt when powerful pharaohs ruled over Egypt the pyramids were considered a wonder. Today, the ruins of 35 pyramids still stand near the Nile River in Egypt. These pyramids were built to protect the bodies of Egyptian kings and other royalty but before the pyramids became the standard for burials, tombs were used for Egypts early rulers, nobles, and other high ranking officials. This group of hierarchy were laid to rest in rectangular, flat-topped mastabas of mud and brick. These mastabas were about 12 feet high and were easy targets for tomb robbers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first pyramid built†¦show more content†¦They were built between 2600 B.C. and 2500 B.C. However, it is hard today to imagine the manpower involved in building the Great Pyramid (especially in our world of computers, machinery, and advanced technology. The ancient Egyptians had no machinery or iron tools to help in the building of the pyramids. The large limestone blocks used to build the pyramids were cut with copper chisels and saws. Most of these stones came from nearby quarries. An interesting fact to note is that camels were not brought into use until twenty centuries after the pyramids were built. Human strength was used to drag the stones from the quarries or from the boats (Casson 76). The stones were then dragged and pushed into place for the first layer of the Great Pyramid, which was placed on flat level ground. Next, long ramps were built of earth and brick moving the blocks up the ramps to form the next layer. After the top layer was finished the workers covered the pyramid with an outer coating of white casing stone, which gave the Great Pyramid a brilliant shrine during the day when the sun shone down on it. The outer coating of white casing stone were laid so perfectly that from a distance the pyramid appeared to have been made from a single white stone. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main difference of the Great Pyramid compared to other pyramids, besides the fact of its size, is the difference of the location of the burial chamber. The Great Pyramids burial chamber was in the uppermostShow MoreRelatedGreat Pyramids of Gizeh585 Words   |  2 PagesKemet (black land) also known as today as Egypt were ruled by pharaohs. The pharohs has absolute authority to control the land and their resources to provide a stable central government. The pharohs were known for their divine kingship. In the pyramid structure of the social class level the pharaohs is the top and below him are the upper class that includes the highest priests and noblesand the scribes (note-takers). next are the middle class also known as skilled laborers such as artisans andRead MoreThe Pyramid Of Giza And The Pyramids873 Words   |  4 Pagesand earth sciences appear to show that the Great Pyramid was a fantastic gadget for get-together, enhancing, and centering a baffling vitality field for the profound advantage of individuals. We don t know precisely how the pyramid and its principle chamber were utilized, and the geometric structure of the pyramid has been quietly adjusted by the evacuation of the packaging stones and the top stone (Ruggles, 2015). None-the-less, the Great Pyramid of the Giza level still radiates incredible powerRead MoreEgyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids960 Words   |  4 PagesEGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS For centuries, people have thought that pyramid have been constructed by the extraterrestrials while many others believed that the Egyptians might have owned or possessed a technology that’s been lost through the ages. Here, in this research paper, let us see what the findings are of researchers, scholars, archaeologists, physicists and professors around the world. The three pyramids of Giza are one of the mysterious ancient architecture in today’s world where people from all aroundRead MoreThe Pyramids Of Giza Pyramids929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Great pyramids of Giza. The pyramids of Giza in total are three, these are some of the most famous pyramids in the world and some of the most famous landmarks of Egypt. Growing up I would always think of one day traveling to egypt and climbing to the top. This is why I decided to do my research paper on this work of art and great monument of art history. With this paper I was able to research into detail about; The Great Pyramids of Giza, which include The Pyramid (Pyramid of Khufu)Read MoreEgyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe Egyptian pyramids were an important aspect of the Egyptian life and culture constructed around 2500 BCE with their geographical location being at the West bank of the River Nile. The three pyramids on the Giza plateau were built in a span of three generations by three Pharaohs namely Khafre, Menkaure and Khufu. These monuments are unsurpassed in terms of height and mass with the architects of the pyramids building them in a way that they could face the setting sun as they served as a restingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Red Pyramid1460 Words   |  6 PagesJust like a pyramid, all things need a structure to help the object fulfill its objective. The novel, The Red Pyramid by Rick Riordan displays the adventurous life of two young children, Sadie and Carter Kane, attempting to save their father, Julius Kane, and the world from the god of chaos, Set. Trave ling to different cities in order to gain many allies and valuable information on how to stop Set, Carter and Sadie also gain fierce enemies in their intriguing journey. Telling the story in a firstRead MoreThe Pyramid Of Giza Pyramids846 Words   |  4 Pagesrubbed my eyes. Up above me, was†¦ a pyramid? I feel disoriented. So I quickly get up, scanning the area. In front of me are some small pyramids, and to the left and right were temples. Behind me was the most ineffable structure I have ever seen. It was the Pyramid of Giza. The oldest wonder of the world. If this is the Pyramid of Giza, then I am somewhere in Cairo, Egypt. Towering over everyone’s head, this structure was far beyond what I have heard about the Pyramid of Giza. In my mind, some mellifluousRead MoreThe Pyramids Of Giza Pyramids879 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the Pyramids of Giza. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering Cairo, Egypt. The Great Pyramid is the main part of a complex or set of buildings that include two mortuary temples in honor of Khufu. King Menes is whom founded Egypt. In the year 5500 BCE technology flourished. The technology that they had created was asstounding. They were able to create glass, ramps, levers, and more. There greatest creation was the pyramid. The firstRead MoreAliens Built the Pyramids713 Words   |  3 PagesAliens built the Egyptian pyramids. Recent research supports the theory that the Pyramids were built long before humans inhabited the area now known as Egypt. It is also nearly impossible for the Egyptians to have lifted and moved the limestone brick used to build these massive structures. Only a more advanced form of life could have constructed such an enormous undertaking, while using advanced mathematics and geography that were not yet known to ancient peoples. Archeologists suggest thatRead MoreThe Pyramid Of The Sun944 Words   |  4 PagesPyramid of the Sun From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the Maserati album, see Pyramid of the Sun (album). Pyramid of the Sun Sun Pyramid 05 2015 Teotihuacan 3304.JPG Front view of the Pyramid of the Sun Location Mexico State Region Mesoamerica Type Pyramid, Temple Part of Teotihuacan Length 220 meters (720 feet)[1] Width 230 meters (760 feet)[2] Volume 1,184,828.3 cubic meters (41,841,817 cubic feet) Height 65.5 meters (216 feet)[3] History Founded 200 CE[4] Abandoned 750 CE[5] Periods Mesoamerican

Trade Finance Free Essays

Introduction: Trade Finance in India comprises of financing against imports into India, export from India and inland trade transactions. While doing this study, it is important to know about the regulations governing such transactions in India. Import and Export trade Is regulated by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (GIFT) under Ministry of Commerce Industry, Department of Commerce, Government of India. We will write a custom essay sample on Trade Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Banks In India, authorized by Reserve Bank of India to deal In Foreign Exchange are known as Authorized Dealers. Authorized dealers, while undertaking Import and export ramifications, should ensure that the Imports Into India and export from India are In conformity with the Export Import Policy In force and Foreign Exchange Management (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000 framed by Government and the directions Issued by Reserve Bank under Foreign Exchange Management Act from time to time. Banks also have to follow credit policy announced by Reserve Bank of India from time to time to ensure compliance while dealing with financing of Inland Trade transactions. Authorized dealers have to follow normal banking procedures and adhere to the provisions of various rules framed by International Chamber of Commerce, Paris and onshore credit policy of the country. Banks in India use the following trade products to meet financing requirements of the clients: Imports: 1 . Opening of Letter of Credit and Follow up Financing 2. Buyers Credit / Suppers Credit in the form of short term credit for Imports into India 3. Trust Receipt Financing 4. Simple Overdraft Facility 5. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate imports related activities Exports: 1. Pre-shipment Credit in Indian Rupees 2. Pre-shipment Credit in Foreign Currency 3. Post-shipment Credit in Indian Rupees 4. Post-shipment Credit in Foreign Currency . Forfeiting of Export Receivables 6. Factoring of Export Receivables 7. Simple Overdraft Facility 8. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Export related activities Inland Trade: 1. Local Bill Discounting backed by Bill of Exchange 2. Local Bill Discounting backed by Letter of Credit 3. Simple Overdraft Facility 4. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Inland Trade actively Trade Finance By onshore is regulated by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (GIFT) under Ministry of Commerce Industry, Department of Commerce, Government of India. Banks in India, authorized by Reserve Bank of India to deal in Foreign Exchange are known as Authorized Dealers. Authorized dealers, while undertaking import and export transactions, should ensure that the imports into India and export from India are in conformity with the Export Import Policy in force and Foreign Exchange Management issued by Reserve Bank under Foreign Exchange Management Act from time to time. 1. Opening of Letter of Credit and Follow up Financing 2. Buyer’s Credit / Supper’s Credit in the form of short term credit for Imports into 4. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Inland Trade activities How to cite Trade Finance, Papers

Stress and Promoting Employee Creativity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Stress and Promoting Employee Creativity. Answer: Introduction: With the growing hotel industry in the world the number of room cleaners and room attendant are increasing invariably. The hotel attendants comprises of both male and female workers and immigrants from other countries and places. However, the room attendants has to face a lot of challenges while working in the hotel such as long working hours, low pay, low job security and mental pressure. They are also prone to a lot of health risk because of the type of pressure they face at work such as lifting heavy beds, bending down to clean. Moreover, these works has to be done very fast which causes back problems in them. Further, Oxenbridge Moensted, 2011 has examined that the payment system also has an impact on the health of the workers. They usually are paid on the basis of number of rooms cleaned in a day rather than hourly basis. This makes their salary very low compared to other works. It has been discussed by Hsieh, Postolopoulos Sonmez (2016) that the hotel housekeepers face a lot of health hazards due to work which has lead to increasing stress among them. They also face mental strains due to difficulties they face from immigration such as language problem, socioeconomic barriers and lack of health services. Moreover, the low pay they get does not allow them to spent adequate amount of money on health problem, which worsens their conditions even more. The paper analyzed for this purpose has failed to discuss about the ways that can change in the hotel industry to reduce the effect of various environment on the room attendants. Some of the papers also failed to focus on the specific task that has lead to the increasing injuries among the room attendants (Hon, Chan Lu, 2013). Some of the articles have given space to future research that can be taken such as offering collaborative environment whereby they can put more effort on maintaining the working condition in favor of the workers. Further, it has been seen that qualitative research alone did not help them find a proper environment for work (Hsieh, Apostolopoulos Snmez, 2013). A quantitative research analyzing is also required for analyzing the relationship between that working condition and the mental health of the workers (Bryman Bell, 2015). What are the policy recommendations for improving the condition of room attendants in these hotels? The following are the objective of the research to be done in order to solve the above problem (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2013). Analyzing the works that mostly affects the health condition of the worker Analyzing the affects these working environment possess on the room attendants Suggesting ways through which the working environment can be dealt with in a better way for reducing stress in room attendants Analyzing the after effects of the implementation of the policy From the above analysis it can be concluded that room attendants has been suffering from stress due to the industry they work in. This is because they everyday they are exposed to conditions that put a negative impact on them. Moreover, they also get physical injuries due to the time strains they have at work. Thus, they have been suffering both mentally and physically. However, the objective of the paper is to find out ways to improve the working condition of the workers and increase their productivity at work. References Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2013).Research methods in education. Routledge. Hon, A. H., Chan, W. W., Lu, L. (2013). Overcoming work-related stress and promoting employee creativity in hotel industry: The role of task feedback from supervisor.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 416-424. Hsieh, Y. C. J., Apostolopoulos, Y., Snmez, S. (2013). The world at work: hotel cleaners.Occup Environ Med,70(5), 360-364. Hsieh, Y. C., Apostolopoulos, Y., Snmez, S. (2016). Work conditions and health and well-being of Latina hotel housekeepers.Journal of immigrant and minority health,18(3), 568-581. Oxenbridge, S., Moensted, M. L. (2011). The relationship between payment systems, work intensification and health and safety outcomes: a study of hotel room attendants.Policy and Practice in Health and Safety,9(2), 7-26.

Coms free essay sample

Persuasive Speech Outline Template Your Name: COMS 101 Section ___ Date Due: Organization:Identify your outline pattern here. Your options for this speech are Problem-Solution, Problem-Cause-Solution, or the Motivated Sequence pattern. Audience analysis:Provide a demographic, psychological, and receptivity-related description of your audience. Topic:In one or two words, identify the social problem for which you aim to prescribe a redemptive remedy in this speech (see the Persuasive Speech Guidelines document).Rhetorical Purpose:To inform my audience about (identify the topic here), and to persuade them that (a person, group of persons, organization, government, etc. ) should (do something—provide an action verb here that describes your speech’s desired outcome as specifically as possible) in response to this information. Redemptive Purpose:Explain in a brief paragraph why you regard this social problem to be one that prevents people from experiencing life as God, according to Scripture, means it to be experienced.Briefly explain, too, why your proposed solution qualifies as redemptive as the Alban text defines this term in chapter 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Coms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Introduction: I. Attention-getter Present your attention-getter here (see Hamilton, page 156). II. Establish Credibility Present your credentials here (see Hamilton, page 163). III. Thesis Statement Present your thesis statement here (see Hamilton, page 164). State it as one complete sentence (subject, verb, complete thought) that encapsulates your speech’s main idea.Be sure it not only identifies the social problem you aim to address, but also identifies the solution to the problem that you will advocate through the information that follows in your speech presentation. IV. Preview Statement Present your preview statement here (see Hamilton, page 164). Briefly explain you will validate or prove the thesis by discussing Main Point 1 (state it), Main Point 2 (state it), Main Point 3 (state it), etc. Be sure to list each of the body section’s main points, in the order you will cover them. Body: I. Main Point 1. Works with the other main points to support the thesis. State it as a complete sentence.A. An example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 1 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). B. Another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 1 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). C. If needed, another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 1 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source).II. Main Point 2. Works with the other main points to support the thesis. State it as a complete sentence. A. An example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 2 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). B. Another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 2 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). C.If needed, another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 2 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). III. Main Point 3. Works with the other main points to support the thesis. State it as a complete sentence. A. An example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 3 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). B.Another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 3 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). C. If needed, another example, illustration, statistic, comparison, quote from an expert or other supportive material that supports or illustrates Main Point 3 (Parenthetical Citation, if this came from a source). Other Main Points. These are optional, depending on the needs of your speech. If you use them, they function in the same way as the preceding points. Conclusion: I. SummarySummarize your presentation’s main points (see Hamilton, page 167). Your wording should be very similar to the wording you used when previewing the main points in the introduction and when presenting the main points in the body section. II. Call to Action Restate your thesis. III. Refocus Audience Attention (see Hamilton, page 167). Works Cited: Using MLA, APA, or Turabian style, present an alphabetized, properly formatted list of any sources that you cited parenthetically in the outline. For a helpful online guide to proper formatting in each of these styles, see Landmarks Citation Machine.

She Stoops to Conquer free essay sample

The central male character, who has set out to court the young attractive Kate Hardcastle. A well-educated man, bred a scholar, Marlow is brash and rude to Mr. Hardcastle, owner of Liberty Hall (a reference to another site in London), whom Marlow believes to be an innkeeper. Because Marlows rudeness is comic, the audience is likely not to dislike him for it. Marlow is sophisticated and has travelled the world. Around lower-class women Marlow is a lecherous rogue, but around those of an upper-class card he is a nervous, bumbling fool. Thus, his interview with Kate exploits the mans fears, and convinces Miss Hardcastle shell have to alter her persona drastically to make a relationship with the man possible. The character of Charles Marlow is very similar to the description of Goldsmith himself, as he too acted sheepishly around women of a higher class than himself, and amongst creatures of another stamp acted with the most confidence. We will write a custom essay sample on She Stoops to Conquer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page George Hastings A close friend of Charles Marlow and the admirer of Miss Constance Neville. Hastings is also an educated man who cares deeply about Constance, with the intention of fleeing to France with her. However the young woman makes it clear that she cant leave without her jewels, which are guarded by Mrs. Hardcastle, thus the pair and Tony collaborate to get hold of the jewels. When Hastings realises the Hardcastle house isnt an inn, he decides not to tell Marlow who would thus leave the premises immediately. * Tony Lumpkin   Son of Mrs. Hardcastle and stepson to Mr. Hardcastle, Tony is a mischievous, uneducated playboy. Mrs. Hardcastle has no authority over Tony, and their relationship contrasts with that between Hardcastle and Kate. He is promised in marriage to his cousin, Constance Neville, yet he despises her and thus goes to great effort to help her and Hastings in their plans to leave the country. He cannot reject the impending marriage with Neville, because he believes hes not of age. Tony takes an interest in horses, Bet Bouncer and especially the lehouse, where he joyfully sings with members of the lower-classes. It is Tonys initial deception of Marlow, for a joke, which sets up the plot. * Mr. Hardcastle   The father of Kate Hardcastle, who is mistaken by Marlow and Hastings as an innkeeper. Hardcastle is a level-headed countryman who loves everything old and hates the town and the follies that come with it. He is very much occupied with the old times and likes nothing better than to tell his  war stor ies  and to drop names, such as the  Duke of Marlborough, into conversations. Hardcastle cares for his daughter Kate, but insists that she dress plainly in his presence. It is he who arranges for Marlow to come to the country to marry his daughter. Hardcastle is a man of manners and, despite being highly insulted by Marlows treatment of him, manages to keep his temper with his guest until near the end of the play. Hardcastle also demonstrates a wealth of forgiveness as he not only forgives Marlow once he has realised Marlows mistake, but also gives him consent to marry his daughter. * Mrs. Hardcastle   Wife to Mr. Hardcastle and mother to Tony, Mrs. Hardcastle is a corrupt and eccentric character. She is an over-protective  mother  to Tony, whom she loves, but fails to tell him hes of age so that he is eligible to receive ? 1,500 a year. Her behaviour is either over-the-top or far-fetched, providing some of the plays comedy. She is also partly selfish, wanting Neville to marry her son to keep the jewels in the family; shes blissfully unaware however, that Tony and Neville despise each other, and that Constance is in fact planning to flee to France with Hastings. Mrs. Hardcastle is a contrast to her husband, which provides the humour in the plays opening. She loves the town, and is the only character whos not happy at the end of the play. * Miss Kate Hardcastle   Daughter to Mr. Hardcastle, and the plays stooping-to-conquer heroine. Kate respects her father, dressing plainly in his presence to please him. The formal and respectful relationship that she shares with her father, contrasts with that between Tony and Mrs. Hardcastle. Kate enjoys French frippery and the attributes of the town, much as her mother does. She is both calculating and scheming, posing as a maid and deceiving Marlow, causing him to fall in love with her. * Miss Constance Neville   Niece of Mrs. Hardcastle, she is the woman whom Hastings intends to court. Constance despises her cousin Tony, she is heir to a large fortune of jewels, hence her aunt wants her to remain in the family and marry Tony; she is secretly an admirer of George Hastings however. Neville schemes with Hastings and Tony to get the jewels so she can then flee to France with her admirer; this is essentially one of the sub-plots of  She Stoops to Conquer. Sir Charles Marlow   A minor character and father to Charles Marlow; he follows his son, a few hours behind. Unlike his son, he does not meet Tony Lumpkin in the Three Pigeons, and thus is not confused. He is an old friend of Mr. Hardcastle, both of them once having been in the British military, and is quite pleased with the union of his son and his friends daughter. Sir Charles enjoys the follies of his son, but does not understand these initially. Short summary of she stoops to conquer? Answer: She stoops to Conquer is a comedy by the Irish author Oliver Goldsmith. The play was initially titled as Mistakes of a Night and the events in the play, indeed, happen during the time frame of one night. Mr. Hardcastle, a rich countryman plans to marry his daughter Kate to the son of his old friend, Sir Charles Marlow. Hardcastles second wife is determined in marrying her spoiled son, Tony Lumpkin to her niece, Constance Neville in order to keep her fortune, a casket of jewels within the family. But Miss Neville has plans to marry Hastings, a friend of young Marlow. While Hardcastles family is eagerly awaiting the arrival of Marlow and his friend, Hastings, the friends stop at the village Inn to inquire their way. Tony Lumpkin, who is present there, realizes their identity and plays a joke by telling them that they are far away from their destination and asks them to stay at an inn, recommending Hardcastle house as the best Inn around there. Thus the friends arrive there and treat Mr. Hardcastle as mere Inn keeper. This enrages Mr. Hardcastle and is convinced that Marlow is not suitable for his daughter. On the other hand, Young Marlow who is nervous in the presence of ladies of his own social status, yet quite the quite opposite with lower-class women doesnt look properly at Kate on their first meeting. Kate realizes this and stoops to conquer him, by posing as bar maid and putting Marlow at his ease so that he falls for her in the process. However, he changes his mind when he realizes the truth behind Marlows behaviour. The play concludes with Mr. Hardcastle realizing the truth behind Marlows behaviour and changing his mind; Kate succeeding in her plan and getting engaged to Marlow; Tony Lumpkin discovering he is of age and receives his entitled money, which his mother hides from him. He refuses to marry Ms. Neville, who then gets her entitled jewels and gets engaged to Mr. Hastings. So all is well that ends well. Summary She Stoops to Conquer  opens with a prologue in which an actor mourns the death of the classical low comedy at the altar of sentimental, mawkish comedy. He hopes that Dr. Goldsmith can remedy this problem through the play about to be presented. Act I is full of set-up for the rest of the play. Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle  live in an old house that resembles an inn, and they are waiting for the arrival of  Marlow, son of Mr. Hardcastles old friend and a possible suitor to his daughter Kate. Kate is very close to her father, so much so that she dresses plainly in the evenings (to suit his conservative tastes) and fancifully in the mornings for her friends. Meanwhile,  Mrs. Hardcastles niece Constance is in the old womans care, and has her small inheritance (consisting of some valuable jewels) held until she is married, hopefully to Mrs. Hardcastles spoiled son from an earlier marriage,  Tony Lumpkin. The problem is that neither Tony nor Constance loves the other, and in fact Constance has a beloved, who will be traveling to the house that night with Marlow. Tonys problem is also that he is a drunk and a lover of low living, which he shows when the play shifts to a pub nearby. When Marlow and  Hastings  (Constances beloved) arrive at the pub, lost on the way to Hardcastles, Tony plays a practical joke by telling the two men that there is no room at the pub and that they can find lodging at the old inn down the road (which is of course Hardcastles home). Act II sees the plot get complicated. When Marlow and Hastings arrive, they are impertinent and rude with Hardcastle, whom they think is a landlord and not a host (because of Tonys trick). Hardcastle expects Marlow to be a polite young man, and is shocked at the behavior. Constance finds Hastings, and reveals to him that Tony must have played a trick. However, they decide to keep the truth from Marlow, because they think revealing it will upset him and ruin the trip. They decide they will try to get her jewels and elope together. Marlow has a bizarre tendency to speak with exaggerated timidity to modest women, while speaking in lively and hearty tones to women of low-class. When he has his first meeting with Kate, she is dressed well, and hence drives him into a debilitating stupor because of his inability to speak to modest women. She is nevertheless attracted to him, and decides to try and draw out his true character. Tony and Hastings decide together that Tony will steal the jewels for Hastings and Constance, so that he can be rid of his mothers pressure to marry Constance, whom he doesnt love. Act III opens with Hardcastle and Kate each confused with the side of Marlow they saw. Where Hardcastle is shocked at his impertinence, Kate is disappointed to have seen only modesty. Kate asks her father for the chance to show him that Marlow is more than both believe. Tony has stolen the jewels, but Constance doesnt know and continues to beg her aunt for them. Tony convinces Mrs. Hardcastle to pretend they were stolen to dissuade Constance, a plea she willingly accepts until she realizes they have actually been stolen. Meanwhile, Kate is now dressed in her plain dress and is mistaken by Marlow (who never looked her in the face in their earlier meeting) as a barmaid to whom he is attracted. She decides to play the part, and they have a lively, fun conversation that ends with him trying to embrace her, a move Mr. Hardcastle observes. Kate asks for the night to prove that he can be both respectful and lively. Act IV finds the plots almost falling apart. News has spread that  Sir Charles Marlow(Hardcastles friend, and father to young Marlow) is on his way, which will reveal Hastingss identity as beloved of Constance and also force the question of whether Kate and Marlow are to marry. Hastings has sent the jewels in a casket to Marlow for safekeeping but Marlow, confused, has given them to Mrs. Hardcastle (whom he still believes is the landlady of the inn). When Hastings learns this, he realizes his plan to elope with wealth is over, and decides he must convince Constance to elope immediately. Meanwhile, Marlows impertinence towards Hardcastle (whom he believes is the landlord) reaches its apex, and Hardcastle kicks him out of the house, during which altercation Marlow begins to realize what is actually happening. He finds Kate, who now pretends to be a poor relation to the Hardcastles, which would make her a proper match as far as class but not a good marriage as far as wealth. Marlow is starting to love her, but cannot pursue it because it would be unacceptable to his father because of her lack of weatlh, so he leaves her. Meanwhile, a letter from Hastings arrives that Mrs. Hardcastle intercepts, and she reads that he waits for Constance in the garden, ready to elope. Angry, she insists that she will bring Constance far away, and makes plans for that. Marlow, Hastings and Tony confront one another, and the anger over all the deceit leads to a severe argument, resolved temporarily when Tony promises to solve the problem for Hastings. Act V finds the truth coming to light, and everyone happy. Sir Charles has arrived, and he and Hastings laugh together over the confusion young Marlow was in. Marlow arrives to apologize, and in the discussion over Kate, claims he barely talked to Kate. Hardcastle accuses him of lying, since Hardcastle saw him embrace Kate (but Marlow does not know that was indeed Kate). Kate arrives after Marlow leaves the room and convinces the older men she will reveal the full truth if they watch an interview between the two from a hidden vantage behind a screen. Meanwhile, Hastings waits in the garden, per Tonys instruction, and Tony arrives to tell him that he drove his mother and Constance all over in circles, so that they think they are lost far from home when in fact they have been left nearby. Mrs. Hardcastle, distraught, arrives and is convinced she must hide from a highwayman who is approaching. The â€Å"highwayman† proves to be Mr. Hardcastle, who scares her in her confusion for a while but ultimately discovers what is happening. Hastings and Constance, nearby, decide they will not elope but rather appeal to Mr. Hardcastle for mercy. Back at the house, the interview between Kate (playing the poor relation) and Marlow reveals his truly good character, and after some discussion, everyone agrees to the match. Hastings and Constance ask permission to marry and, since Tony is actually of age and therefore can of his own volition decide not to marry Constance, the permission is granted. All are happy (except for miserly Mrs. Hardcastle), and the mistakes of a night have been corrected. There are two epilogues generally printed to the play, one of which sketches in metaphor Goldsmiths attempt to bring comedy back to its traditional roots, and the other of which suggests Tony Lumpkin has adventures yet to be realized. Suggested Essay Questions 1. Explain the meaning and significance of the title  She Stoops to Conquer. Even without reading the play, the irony of the title is obvious, since the she in question is lowering herself in order to prove herself superior. In context of the play, the title could be argued to refer both to Kates plan to trap Marlow and to Goldsmiths purpose of using â€Å"low comedy† to convince his audience to embrace it. The former is a good description of the irony of Kates plan: in order to convince herself she is a worthy match for Marlow, she has to first convince him she is of a low class. However, the title also describes Goldsmiths purpose: he wishes to convince an audience to embrace this â€Å"low† or â€Å"laughing† comedy, and by indulging in it, he might convince them that it is superior to â€Å"sentimental† comedy. Regardless of which description one uses, the irony of the title expresses Goldsmiths view of humanity: while we pretend to be of impeachable high class, we all have a â€Å"low,† base side that we should celebrate rather than try to ignore. 2. How is Kate an example of moderation? Explain how her personality stands as the way of life Goldsmith most recommends. The play is organized into a series of conflicting philosophies: high-bred aristocrats vs. low-bred common folk; city life vs. country life; wealth vs. poverty, etc. Much of the absurdity that fuels Goldsmiths comedy comes from exploiting the way most people engage in contradictions even when they pretend to be examples of virtue. The best example is Marlow, and his bizarre contradictory attitudes towards women depending on their class. Kate stands at the center of most of these, and as such is the best depiction of Goldsmiths message. As a country girl who has spent time in town, she is an example of what Marlow calls refined simplicity, and knowing as much as she does about humanity, is able to also enjoy and be amused by the contradictions rather than disgusted by them (as most of the elder characters are). 3. In what ways is Tony Lumpkin a hero in the play? Use historical/social detail to explain why this heroism is unconventional. Tony Lumpkin would traditionally have been considered nothing but comic relief. Consider most Shakespeare plays, where the poor, common characters might have wisdom, but are primarily used to comedic effect, and are rarely engaged in the main plots. Tony is presented this way initially in  She Stoops to Conquer, but we quickly see that there is a great wisdom to his lifestyle, which prizes enjoyment of life over heavy considerations of it. When his parents discuss the way to live in Act I, Tony takes off quickly for the Three Pigeons, where he sings a song that expresses a desire for true life rather than the hypocrisy of overly-educated or overly-religious lifestyles. Tony perhaps has more agency than any other character in the play, setting in motion the confusions that ultimately allow everyone to be happy. The message, of which Tony is the best representative, is that by engaging in the confusions and contradictions of human nature, we can find our best happiness. 4. For a comedy,  She Stoops to Conquer  has a serious vein of commentary of class. Explain. In a traditional sentimental comedy, money would ultimately be shown to be irrelevant in the face of true love, so as to stress the characters’ virtue. Of course, the characters would have almost all been high-bred and money not a serious issue in their lives. In this play, there are characters, like Tony or Constance, who really do need money if they want a strong future. Even in what is perhaps the most cliche romantic subplot – that between Constance and Hastings – money becomes an inescapable force, and in the end they turn to the virtue of asking Hardcastles permission not because of some innate virtue, but because they acknowledge that they will need money. In another way, Marlows class contradictions are certainly meant to be amusing, but there is a serious criticism in the way that a class system has led him to despise what he enjoys. He considers himself inferior for his love of unpretentious women, and assumes that he ought to love a â€Å"modest† woman. Part of the lesson Kate teaches him is that the substance of a person is what matters, and not the way one gauges her behavior as high or low class. 5. How does the device of dramatic irony facilitate the plays major themes and comedy? The play is a masterpiece of dramatic irony, which is a device where the audience has information and knowledge that the characters do not. From the moment Tony plays the practical joke on Marlow and Hastings, the audience learns secrets that will grow more complicated and hence create confusion that leads to hilarious situations. The best example is perhaps the way Marlow and Hastings treat Hardcastle, because they think him a landlord. Because we understand the details of the confusions, we understand the jokes whereas the characters only grow more offended. However, the behavior wrought by the dramatic irony reveals much of Goldsmiths view on humanity and class. The same example listed above is funny, but also shows the cruelty that comes from a rich mans entitlement. Throughout the play, much of the class commentary derives from the behaviors people show when they don’t realize they are being judged. Kate exploits this to try and find out what kind of person Marlow actually is. 6. In what ways are the characters of the play comic archetypes? How does Goldsmith deepen these stock characters? At the beginning of the play, it seems as though all the characters fall into traditional comic patterns. Hardcastle is the old curmudgeon who hates modern life, Mrs. Hardcastle a vain old lady, the young men are handsome heroes, Kate is the pretty young heroine, and Tony is the comic drunkard. Very quickly, Goldsmith explores the depth of class, money and human contradictions by putting those qualities in broader contexts. Hardcastle turns out to be not entirely incorrect about the impertinence of the young (which he discovers because of Tonys trick), but turns out to be forgiving. Mrs. Hardcastle is frankly never deepened, and stays who she is throughout. Hastings remains a valiant young man, but Marlow is obviously full of absurd contradictions very much connected to the very aristocratic virtue that seems to define him in the beginning. And Kate, of course, is perhaps the deepest and fullest character of all, not a simple heroine to be won by the young man. 7. Does the plays ending undercut Goldsmiths attempt to write a low and not sentimental comedy? Explain. Mrs. Hardcastle perhaps speaks to Goldsmiths own concern over the ending when she remarks that this is all but the whining end of a modern novel. It is clear from both the prologue and his Essay on the Theatre that he wishes to write a play that mocks vice rather than praises virtue. And yet the ending of the play finds not only all the characters ending up happy, but happy because of very clear-cut lessons. In a way, even the most grievous characters (like Marlow, whose contradictions lead him to some rather unsavory behavior) are forgiven for their vices. However, one can argue that Goldsmith provides an entertaining end for his audience while not diving fully into the conventions. For one, Constance and Hastingss realization about the necessity of money adds a pragmatic reality to the otherwise sentimental end. Further, the plays end does not suggest that the absurd contradictions of humanity will go away, which could lead to the belief that such problems will never go away, even if the play wraps up nicely within its five acts. 8. Define what town and country mean in the context of this play, using characters as examples. There is a strong conflict between town and country set up from the very opening of the play, when Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle argue about the virtues and vices of town and country. The town is associated with several elements: wealth and pretension, education, style, and in the broadest sense, living life for itself. The country is associated with simplicity and a slower, more considered way of life. The characters who come from town are certainly to be admired, and would be by Goldsmiths audience. And yet they are shown to have serious faults, particularly in terms of their pretensions and cruelty towards Hardcastle when they think he is a landlord and not their host. Likewise, while the theatre audience at the time would probably consider the country characters to be overly simple, there is a great kindness revealed in the way Hardcastle is willing to forgive everyone despite how he is treated. The best character overall is Kate, who shows a moderation in her way to find refined simplicity by embracing the best of both worlds. . Explain how much of Goldsmiths comedy relies on his ability to set-up a joke. Most of the comedy in  She Stoops to Conquer  comes from the deep dramatic irony wherein characters do not realize quite who one another are. However, for the audience to clearly understand all the complications, Goldsmith has to set up the details of the jokes to come. He does this masterfully in Act I. For instance, it is set up that the old Hardcastle home resembles a n inn, important so that we believe Marlow and Hastings could believe as much. Further, the strange behavior whereby Kate dresses plainly in the evenings is important so as to understand Marlows confusion over her class standing. Throughout the play, elements are introduced, or set-up, so that our expectations can be manipulated later. The use of the jewels, of Tony and his mothers relationship, and of who is lying to whom are all examples of set-ups that produce great comic dividends. 10. How can one make a Freudian analysis of this play? Though it is folly to suggest an explicitly Freudian intent in this play (since it was written so much earlier than Freuds day), the same could be said about  Oedipus Rex  or  Hamlet, both of which stand as seminal texts in Freuds theories. There are definitely Freudian undercurrents in the Oedipal complex suggested as existing between Tony and Mrs. Hardcastle, and more implicitly between Marlow and his mother. The former is expressed in Tonys professed hatred of his mother, though it is a hatred that makes him insistent on constantly waging war with her. If he truly despised her, he could simply blow her off, but he takes too much pleasure in wickedly tormenting her through his tricks and behavior. Many characters remark on how they spoil one another, which parallels a sort of destructive romantic relationship, all of which can be interpreted through a Freudian lens. In terms of Marlow, his strange behavior can be linked to a self-hatred, an inability to appreciate his own love of immodest woman and inability to speak to modest woman whom he feels he ought to appreciate. At one point, he mentions that his mother was the only modest woman he could ever speak to, which could suggest that their relationship has polluted him somewhat, led him to compare other women to her and hence to grow into a bumbler when attempting to woo them romantically. Quotes and Analysis 1. Let school-masters puzzle their brain, With grammar, and nonsense, and learning; Good liquor, I stoutly maintain, Gives genius a better discerning. Tony Lumpkins song, Act I, pg. 6 This opening to Tonys song helps to establish one of Goldsmiths aims – to properly appreciate â€Å"low† behavior. Here, Tony sets two different lifestyles in opposition: proper life versus base life. While the play has a conservative streak that keeps it from entirely embracing baseness as the key to life, it does propose that moderation ought accept that a life of â€Å"good liquor† can grant us a perspective into human absurdity and folly, whereas a life solely dedicated to proper education would not provide such insight. 2. So I find this fellows civilities begin to grow troublesome. But who can be angry at those assiduities which are meant to please him! Hastings, about Hardcastle, Act II, p. 8 Hastings speaks this to himself about Hardcastle, whom Hastings still thinks is the landlord. Hardcastles attempts to speak with Hastings and Marlow are annoying the latter two. To some extent, the quote is a great indication of the dramatic irony that gives most of the weight to the plays comedy. However, it also touches on the confusion of class, behavior, and expectation that is central to the plays themes. What Hastings asks could be argued to be true of all aristocratic folk who are particular and picky about what is â€Å"acceptable† to their standard of living. Goldsmith suggests a view of humanity that is far more complex, contradictory, and nuanced, and finds amusing and absurd the nature of humankind that leads high-class folk to look down upon the fun part of life that is meant to please them. 3. Pardon me madam. I was always willing to be amused. The folly of most people is rather an object of mirth than uneasiness. Marlow, to Kate, Act II, pg. 20 Marlow speaks this in his first meeting with Kate, the conversation in which he cannot look her in the eye. This quote is very much a statement of Goldsmiths perspective on the world, and a defense of his purpose in vaulting â€Å"laughing comedy† above â€Å"sentimental comedy. † Part of what both defines Goldsmiths perspective and marks Kate as the heroine is the ability to laugh at folly, rather than judging harshly a persons lapse from virtue. 4. True madam; those who have most virtue in their mouths, have least of it in their bosom. Marlow to Kate, Act II, pg. 22 Marlow speaks this in his first meeting with Kate, the conversation in which he cannot look her in the eye. It is a straightforward yet profound declaration about the hypocrisy and contradictions of people. While Goldsmith finds these contradictions and the absurdity engendered by them amusing (consider Marlows different behaviors and how so much comedy comes from them), he equally finds the hypocrisy of sanctimony unattractive. It is this sanctimony that offends him about sentimental comedy, and which also infects his â€Å"high† characters. The truth is that Marlow and Hastings love pub food over more refined fare, or that Mrs. Hardcastles virtue hides greed for her son. . Its very odd, I can read the outside of my letters, where my own name is, well enough. But when I come to open it, its all – buzz. Thats hard, very hard; for the inside of the letter is always the cream of the correspondence. Tony, about the letter thats arrived from Hastings, Act IV, pg. 45 Tony cannot read the letter that arrives from Hastings (bearing the news that Hastings is waiting for him in the g arden). However, this quote produces a great symbol for one the plays themes: the absurd contradictions that truly define people. Where high-minded folks (and the sentimental comedy Goldsmith believes they prefer) tries to praise their superficial virtue, he believes that people deep down are actually full of contradictions and attractions to more â€Å"low† interests. In the same way that the outside of the letter is recognizable and suggests an easy identity, while the inside is more complicated and harder to read, so it is that the characters in Goldsmiths play are recognizable comic types at first but far more complex when investigated. 6. Ha, ha, ha, I understand; you took them in a round, while they supposed themselves going forward. And so you have at last brought them home again. Hasting, to Tony, Act V, pg. 53 Literally, the quote concerns the way Tony drove Mrs. Hardcastle and Constance around haphazardly so that they wouldnt be too far from the Hardcastle home. However, it is a great symbol for the structure of the play as well. At the beginning, everyones goal is clear: Marlow and Kate are meeting to judge each other as potential mates; Hastings wants to see his beloved; and the parents are interested in securing favorable matches for their children. The one exception is Tony, whose conception of life is that fun and liveliness are the guiding principles. However, Goldsmith wishes us to see that such a philosophy is more than just hedonism, but rather can lead to greater happiness and truth. Because of Tonys tricks (the biggest of which is that which he plays on Marlow and Hastings), everyone has a crazy night of mistakes but ends up â€Å"home† again, grounded and happier than they otherwise would have been. 7. Prudence once more comes to my relief, and I will obey its dictates. In the moment of passion, fortune may be despised, but it ever produces a lasting repentance. Im resolved to apply to Mr. Hardcastles compassion and justice for redress. Constance, to Hastings, Act V, pg. 56 In Constances idea of how she and her beloved should proceed, we get a glimpse of the pragmatism that keeps Goldsmiths play from ever veering into cliche sentimental territory even if the ending is somewhat a conventional â€Å"happy ending. † The truth is that, while in plays and entertainments lovers will happily choose one another at the expense of money, Goldsmith wishes us to see that in real life, fortune cannot be so easily written off for those who lack sufficient income. Constance cannot run off into the sunset with Hastings – life requires money – and so she must apply to Hardcastle for help. Its a pragmatic truth that colors and deepens the play. 8. I have lived, indeed, in the world, madam; but I have kept little company. I have been but an observer upon life, madam, while others were enjoying it. Marlow, to Kate, Act II, pg. 20 Marlow speaks this in his first meeting with Kate, the conversation in which he cannot look her in the eye. Though Marlow is stammering, he touches upon one of the central questions of the play: whether it is better to stay removed from life, judging it, or to live in all of its complexity and absurdity? Obviously, Goldsmith answers with the latter option, though his full response values moderation more than a simple choice. The best option is to live life but also to be able to judge and laugh at it. Kate is able to do this because she appreciates both the country and the city way of life, whereas most other characters pay for veering too strongly in one or the other direction. . Ask me no questions, and Ill tell you no fibs. I procured them by the rule of thumb. If I had not a key to every drawer in mothers bureau, how could I go to the alehouse so often as I do? An honest man may rob himself of his own at any time. Tony, to Hastings, Act III, pg. 29 Literally, Tony is explaining to Hastings how he was able to steal the jewels he passes on to them. But this quote further illustrates his philosophy of life, which espouses a more complex idea of virtue and vice than that assumed by the high-class characters. For Tony, a man is allowed to â€Å"rob himself,† which could mean more than just taking money or jewels, but also engaging in baseness for oneself (such as he does at the alehouse). In fact, to engage in our baser nature is not only acceptable but preferable since it acknowledges a truth of who we are. He would not go so far as to harm or â€Å"rob† others, as he says, meaning he engages in such behavior not to harm anyone else, but just to enjoy his own life. Many of the characters play around with this theme, in coming towards their acceptance of their real human, base natures. Tony stands as the central proponent of this philosophy. 10. Pshaw, pshaw! This is all but the whining end of a modern novel. Mrs. Hardcastle, Act V, p. 59 Mrs. Hardcastle snidely makes this observation as both couples are arranging their happiness in the plays final moments. It is a useful observation to consider, since it also serves as a bit of commentary on the play itself, perhaps sculpted by Goldsmith to provide awareness that his play is veering into the very territory he professed it would eschew: that of the sentimental comedy that praises virtue rather than mocking folly. Whether or not his play is guilty of the trespasses it seeks to condemn is open to interpretation, but the fact that Goldsmith is deliberately confronting these questions of how to craft an entertaining, satisfying work while trying not to undercut his message and theme is undeniable, as this quote shows. He is aware that the end could be construed that way, and is attempting to address it. Having this complaint come from the least discerning character in the play shows that Goldsmith might believe a more discerning audience would see his ending is not quite so sentimental. She Stoops to Conquer is a master piece in using dramatic irony . Explain? The play is a masterpiece of dramatic irony, which is a device where the audience has information and knowledge that the characters do not. From the moment Tony plays the practical joke on Marlow and Hastings, the audience learns secrets that will grow more complicated and hence create confusion that leads to hilarious situations. The best example is perhaps the way Marlow and Hastings treat Hardcastle, because they think him a landlord. Because we understand the details of the confusions, we understand the jokes whereas the characters only grow more offended. However, the behavior wrought by the dramatic irony reveals much of Goldsmiths view on humanity and class. The same example listed above is funny, but also shows the cruelty that comes from a rich mans entitlement. Throughout the play, much of the class commentary derives from the behaviors people show when they don’t realize they are being judged. Kate exploits this to try and find out what kind of person Marlow actually is. 2. discuss humor in she stoops to conquer The second play of Goldsmith She Stoops to Conquer was produced in 1771. This play marks a departure from the first play and practically introduces the reign of humour in comedy. The entire play with its fun and humour, its intrigues and sparkling dialogues, its mischievous tricks and roguish attempts by Tony Lumpkin deals a direct blow on the sentimental comedy. A piquant observation, elements of ingenious and new realism, a welling froth of pleasantry that never dries up, bathe even the rare movements when emotion could rise all go to make this charming comedy an unalloyed source of amusement. The principal characters of this comedy are Mr. Hardcastle who loves everything that is old; old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine etc. Mrs Hardcastle and Miss Hardcastle their daughter; Mrs Hardcastle’s son by a former marriage, Tony Lumpkin, a frequenter of ‘The Three Pigeons’, idle and ignorant, but cunning and mischievous, and doted on by his mother; and young Marlow, one of the most bashful and reserved young fellows in the world except with barmaids and servant-girls. Marlow’s father, Sir Charles Marlow has proposed a match between young Marlow and Miss Hardcastle and the young man and his friend, Hastings accordingly travel down to pay the Hardcastles a visit. Losing their way they arrive at night at ‘The Three Pigeons’, where Tony Lumpkin decides to play a prank on them. He directs them to a neighbouring inn, which is in reality the Hardcastle’s House. The fun of the play arises largely from the resulting misunderstanding, Marlow treating Mr Harcastle as the Landlord of the supposed inn and making violent love to Miss Hardcastle, whom he takes for on of his servants. This contrasts with his bashful attitude when presented to her in real character. The arrival of Sir Charles Marlow clears up the misconception and all ends well, including the subsidiary love affair between Hastings and Miss Hardcastle’s cousin, Miss Neville, whom Mrs Harcastle destines for Tony Lumpkin. The play is a charming one in which the rough edges of the world are ground smooth, in which faults turn out to be virtues and mistakes to be blessings. Its characters are particularly delightful. Tony Lumpkin is a genuine child of the soil and is said to be a monitor. Tony Lumpkin is loved by the readers of the comedy for his pleasant fun and nice jokes. Mr Hardcastle is another character whom we all like because he loves everything that is old. Mrs Hardcastle who appears more like a sentimental mother becomes pathetic because of the way in which she is treated by her son, Tony Lumpkin. Young Marlow and Miss Hardcastle come out as fine lovers and this pair of lovers is well matched by Hastings and Miss Hardcastle’s cousin. In ‘She Stoops to Conquer’ Goldsmith succeeds in introducing the humour of the finest type. The plot also is well-knitted and the characters have everything of comedy about them. The old mawkish sentimentality is driven out and sense of pathos is supplanted by mirth and delight. Tony’s treatment of his mother, particularly when he drives her round and round the house, would have been extremely pathetic. Goldsmith drives out pathos from the scene and makes it truly comic. Thus everywhere in ‘She Stoops to Conquer’ Goldsmith introduces the qualities of a true comedy. 3. She stoops to conquer is a comedy of manners. Discuss Though it is only explicitly referred to in the prologue, an understanding of Goldsmiths play in context shows his desire to reintroduce his audience to the â€Å"laughing comedy† that derived from a long history of comedy that mocks human vice. This type of comedy stands in contrast to the then-popular â€Å"sentimental comedy† that praised virtues and reinforced bourgeois mentality. Understanding Goldsmiths love of the former helps to clarify several elements of the play: the low scene in the Three Pigeons; the mockery of baseness in even the most high-bred characters; and the celebration of absurdity as a fact of human life. . Compare between Marlow and Hasting? Marlow is a shy young man, who has a hard time communicating with ladies. Hes a gentleman and considered to be honorable, but when put to the task of proposing to a young woman of quality.. he becomes tongue tied and unable to speak. Note.. he has no trouble speaking to those he believes are not up to his own standards. Hasting, on the other hand, is a confidant and well-spoken young man, no matter who he speaks with. He could charm just about any woman of any class. he might want to give marlow some lessons. Major Themes Class While the play is not explicitly a tract on class, the theme is central to it. The decisions the characters make and their perspectives on one another, are all largely based on what class they are a part of. Where Tony openly loves low-class people like the drunks in the Three Pigeons, Marlow must hide his love of low-class women from his father and â€Å"society. † His dynamic relationship with Kate (and the way he treats her) is defined by who he thinks she is at the time – from high-class Kate to a poor barmaid to a woman from good family but with no fortune. Hastings’ and Marlow’s reaction to Hardcastle is also a great example of the importance of class—they find him impudent and absurd, because they believe him to be of low class, but his behavior would be perfectly reasonable and expected from a member of the upper class, as he truly is. Money One of the factors that keeps the play pragmatic even when it veers close to contrivance and sentiment is the unavoidable importance of money. While some of the characters, like Marlow and Hardcastle, are mostly unconcerned with questions of money, there are several characters whose lives are largely defined by a lack of access to it. Constance cannot run away with Hastings because she worries about a life without her inheritance. When Marlow thinks Kate is a poor relation of the Hardcastles, he cannot get himself to propose because of her lack of dowry. And Tony seems to live a life unconcerned with wealth, although the implicit truth is that his dalliances are facilitated by having access to wealth. Behavior/Appearance One of the elements Goldsmith most skewers in his plays satirical moments is the aristocratic emphasis on behavior as a gauge of character. Even though we today believe that ones behavior – in terms of â€Å"low† versus â€Å"high† class behavior – does not necessarily indicate who someone is, many characters in the play are often blinded to a characters behavior because of an assumption. For instance, Marlow and Hastings treat Hardcastle cruelly because they think him the landlord of an inn, and are confused by his behavior, which seems forward. The same behavior would have seemed appropriately high-class if they hadnt been fooled by Tony. Throughout the play, characters (especially Marlow) assume they understand someones behavior when what truly guides them is their assumption of the other characters class. Moderation Throughout the play runs a conflict between the refined attitudes of town and the simple behaviors of the country. The importance of this theme is underscored by the fact that it is the crux of the opening disagreement between Hardcastle and his wife. Where country characters like Hardcastle see town manners as pretentious, town characters like Marlow see country manners as bumpkinish. The best course of action is proposed through Kate, who is praised by Marlow as having a refined simplicity. Having lived in town, she is able to appreciate the values of both sides of life and can find happiness in appreciating the contradictions that exist between them. Contradiction Most characters in the play want others to be simple to understand. This in many ways mirrors the expectations of an audience that Goldsmith wishes to mock. Where his characters are initially presented as comic types, he spends time throughout the play complicating them all by showing their contradictions. Most clear are the contradictions within Marlow, who is both refined and base. The final happy ending comes when the two oldest men – Hardcastle and Sir Charles – decide to accept the contradictions in their children. In a sense, this theme helps to understand Goldsmiths purpose in the play, reminding us that all people are worthy of being mocked because of their silly, base natures, and no one is above reproach. Comedy Though it is only explicitly referred to in the prologue, an understanding of Goldsmiths play in context shows his desire to reintroduce his audience to the â€Å"laughing comedy† that derived from a long history of comedy that mocks human vice. This type of comedy stands in contrast to the then-popular â€Å"sentimental comedy† that praised virtues and reinforced bourgeois mentality. Understanding Goldsmiths love of the former helps to clarify several elements of the play: the low scene in the Three Pigeons; the mockery of baseness in even the most high-bred characters; and the celebration of absurdity as a fact of human life. Deceit/Trickery Much of this plays comedy comes from the trickery played by various characters. The most important deceits come from Tony, including his lie about Hardcastles home and his scheme of driving his mother and Constance around in circles. However, deceit also touches to the center of the plays more major themes. In a sense, the only reason anyone learns anything about their deep assumptions about class and behavior is because they are duped into seeing characters in different ways. This truth is most clear with Marlow and his shifting perspective on Kate, but it also is true for the Hardcastles and Sir Charles, who are able to see the contradictions in others because of what trickery engenders.